What to do if you suspect you or someone else has dehydration or heatstroke
EMERGENCY TREATMENT FOR HEATSTROKE
Call 911 if you or anyone you know is experiencing any of the following during a heat wave:
* Loss of consciousness * Seizures
* Moderate to severe difficulty breathing * Confusion, severe restlessness or anxiety
* Rapid heartbeat * Hot, dry, flushed skin, with no sweating or
* Severe vomiting and diarrhea with excessive sweating
While you are waiting for the ambulance, you can apply emergency first-aid treatment for heatstroke:
* Move the person into a cooler place, out of direct sunlight.
* Remove unnecessary clothing and place the person on his or her side to expose as much skin surface to the air as possible.
* Cool the person's body by sponging or spraying cool (not cold) water on him and fanning him.
* Apply ice packs to the groin, neck and armpits, where large blood vessels lie close to the skin surface. Do not immerse the person in an ice bath.
* Check the person' rectal temperature frequently and try to cool it to 102.3 degrees.
* Do not give aspirin or acetaminophen to reduce a high body temperature with heatstroke. These medications may cause problems in the case of heatstroke.
* If the person is awake and alert enough to swallow, help him drink fluids.
TREATING MILD HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS
If you or someone else feels unwell from the heat, take these steps immediately to cool off and replace fluids:
* Stop activity and rest.
* Get out of direct sunlight and lie down in a cooler environment. Elevate your feet and remove all unnecessary clothing.
* Cool down by applying cool compresses and fanning yourself. Ice bags placed under your arms and in your groin area, where large blood vessels lie close to the skin, will cool you down more quickly.
* Drink, drink, drink! Juices or water are enough to replace fluids lost from dehydration. Sports drinks with electrolytes will work, too.
* If you are not on a salt (sodium)-restricted diet, eat something with a little salt, such as a few nuts or pretzels.
* Heat rash (prickly heat) can occur if the sweat ducts to the skin become blocked and swell, causing itching and discomfort. The rash usually goes away without treatment. Antihistamines may help if you are having problems with itching.